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nder
the Constitution, the President appoints federal judges with the "advice
and consent" of the Senate. The President usually consults senators or
other elected officials concerning candidates for vacancies on the federal
courts. The President's power to appoint new federal judges is not the
judiciary's only interaction with the executive branch. The Department
of Justice, which is responsible for prosecuting federal crimes and for
representing the government in civil cases, is the most frequent litigator
in the federal court system. Several other executive branch agencies affect
the operations of the courts. The United States Marshals Service, for
example, provides security for federal courthouses and judges, and the
General Services Administration builds and maintains federal courthouses.
Within the executive branch there are some specialized subject-matter
courts, and numerous federal administrative agencies that adjudicate disputes
involving specific federal laws and benefits programs. These courts include
the United States Tax Court, the United States Court of Military Appeals,
and the United States Court of Veterans Appeals. Although these courts
and agencies are not part of the judiciary established under Article III
of the Constitution, appeals of their decisions typically may be taken
to the Article III courts.
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