The Effect of Participatory Management on Internal Stress, Overall Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention among Federal Probation Officers

As a potential solution to employee turnover faced by probation executives, this study examines the effect of participatory management on turnover intention by using aggregate survey data from federal probation line officers in three states. Although participatory climate showed no significant direct effect, it indirectly affected turnover and played an important role in reducing stress and enhancing overall job satisfaction, which in turn reduced turnover intention.