Post-Conviction Supervision — Judicial Business 2025

Persons serving terms of supervised release on that date following release from correctional institutions fell 1 percent from the previous year to 107,565 (down 1,609 persons) and amounted to 90 percent of all persons under supervision.

Cases of persons under supervision in the 12-month period ending September 30, 2025, that involved probation imposed by district and magistrate judges declined 5 percent to 11,281 from the previous year and accounted for 9 percent of all persons under post-conviction supervision. The number of parole cases open at the end of 2025 dropped 19 percent to 405 (parole is not available for persons sentenced for federal offenses committed on or after November 1, 1987).

Excluding transfers, the number of persons received for supervision during 2025 remained stable, falling less than 1 percent to 56,580. The number of persons released from correctional institutions and received for supervised release increased less than 1 percent to 50,537. For persons entering the system this year, probation cases went down 6 percent to 5,199, and parole cases (including cases involving special parole, military parole, and mandatory release) decreased 27 percent to 118.

Forty-one percent of persons under post-conviction supervision had been convicted of drug offenses. Thirteen percent had been convicted of property offenses. Nineteen percent had been convicted of firearms offenses. These percentages have remained relatively similar over the last five years.

The number of post-conviction supervision cases closed (including those involving transfers out of districts and deaths) rose 2 percent to 58,395. The proportion of post-conviction cases terminated successfully stayed unchanged at 66 percent. Of those cases closed successfully, 27 percent were closed by early termination, the same as in 2024.

Technical violations led to 67 percent of the 17,896 revocations of post-conviction supervision reported, down less than 1 percent from the previous year. New offenses accounted for the remaining revocations and for 11 percent of all 53,087 supervision cases terminated (excluding transfers out and deaths).

Comparing data for the last days of fiscal years 2021 and 2025 reveals that the number of persons under post-conviction supervision was 2 percent lower in 2025. Offenders under post-conviction supervision who had been convicted of drug offenses dropped from 43 percent of the total to 41 percent. Those convicted of property offenses fell from 15 percent to 13 percent of the total. Those convicted of firearms offenses increased from 17 percent to 19 percent of the total. Persons serving terms of supervised release following release from a correctional institution decreased 1 percent over the past five years. In 2025, they represented 90 percent of all persons under supervision, up from 89 percent in 2021.

For data on post-conviction supervision, see Table 8 and the E series of tables.

Investigative Reports

The number of full presentence reports prepared by probation officers increased 6 percent to 61,521. Ninety-seven percent of the reports (59,609) were presentence guideline reports, which are comprehensive investigative reports prepared in felony or Class A misdemeanor cases for which the U.S. Sentencing Commission has promulgated guidelines. Modified presentence reports, which are less comprehensive, represented 2 percent of total presentence investigative reports. Non-guideline reports, which are prepared for felony and Class A misdemeanor cases for which the U.S. Sentencing Commission has not promulgated guidelines, constituted less than 1 percent of investigative reports (119).

Substance Abuse Treatment

Federal offenders receive substance abuse treatment from a variety of sources—state programs, local programs, the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, and judiciary-funded substance abuse treatment services. The data presented here reflect only judiciary-funded substance abuse treatment and exclude costs associated with substance abuse testing.

Of the 67,671 offenders under supervision with court-ordered substance abuse treatment conditions, 18,205 received judiciary-funded treatment (down 875 offenders from 2024). The federal Judiciary spent an average of $1,558 per offender (up $65) for a total of $25.3 million (up $1.1 million). Nationwide, 27 percent of offenders with conditions requiring substance abuse treatment received judiciary-funded treatment, 1 percent less than in 2024.

For additional information on judiciary-funded substance abuse treatment services in the federal probation system, see Table S-13.