Court of International Trade — Judicial Business 2025

The geographic jurisdiction of the U.S. Court of International Trade extends throughout the United States. Most of the cases this court hears involve antidumping and countervailing duties, the classification and valuation of imported merchandise, actions to recover unpaid customs duties and civil penalties, and various actions arising generally under the tariff laws.

In 2025, this court reported 292 case filings, an increase of 16 percent (up 40 cases). Of this total, 161 cases filed under 28 U.S.C. § 1581 (c) were actions brought against the United States to contest decisions of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission that were issued under the antidumping and countervailing duty laws and decisions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to evasion of those laws. Ninety-nine cases filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(a) challenged 836 denied protests by U.S. Customs and Border Protection covering 5,041 entries of merchandise. In addition, 21 cases filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i) were actions brought against the United States that mainly addressed tariff laws and the administration and enforcement of those laws.

Case terminations went up 26 percent from 259 in 2024 to 327 in 2025. Pending cases remained stable, falling 1 percent to 4,586 in 2025. 

Filings were 63 percent lower in 2025 than in 2021. However, filings frequently vary from year to year because of fluctuations in cases arising from the agencies that are sources of filings in this court. The number of pending cases was 2 percent lower in 2025 than in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, more than 4,200 cases filed under the court’s residual jurisdiction challenged additional duties imposed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1581(i) on imports from the People’s Republic of China. Since then, challenges to these duties have fallen. 

For data on filings in the U.S. Court of International Trade, see Table G-1.